Dr. Tjibbe Bosman

Assistant Professor

Tjibbe Bosman is Assistant Professor of Auditing at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. He earned his PhD in Accounting from the University of Amsterdam in 2024 with a dissertation on institutional conditions that enable audit quality. His research examines audit firm culture, auditor selection mechanisms, and the impact of regulatory measures such as clawback provisions on audit quality. Tjibbe holds MSc and BSc degrees in Accountancy from Nyenrode Business University and is a certified public accountant in the Netherlands (RA) and Germany (Wirtschaftsprüfer). Before joining academia, he worked for ten years in international audit and capital market practice at PwC, including a secondment in Munich. He also served as Research Program Manager at the Foundation for Auditing Research and has published on topics such as audit quality indicators and robotic process automation in auditing.

The measurement of audit quality in the Netherlands
This paper includes several recommendations and lessons learned from the data gathering efforts of the FAR to inform on the availability of audit quality data and measurement of potential AQIs in practice. This paper is also of interest to those audit practitioners managing and designing the quality control (monitoring) systems of audit firms, those involved in preparing the transparency reports, and policymakers and regulators in their considerations of AQI’s.  
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The measurement of audit quality in the Netherlands: a practical note
Several committees, institutions, and practitioners are currently working on defining appropriate, and reliable Audit Quality Indicators (AQIs). This project deliberates on a wide range of audit quality measures applied in international academic auditing research. The project discusses the availability of these measures, their (potential) information value, limitations, and makes practical recommendations for the related data sources. The key findings are presented in Appendix A. This research project informs audit practitioners who manage and design the quality control (monitoring) systems of audit firms, those involved in preparing the transparency reports, and policymakers and regulators in their considerations of AQI’s.
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NBA Report of the Continuity Working Group on the Auditor’s Role in Business Continuity
88% of bankrupt organizations fail to file their financial statements or a 403 declaration for the last fiscal year within the statutory deadline. This is one of the key findings from the report by the Continuity Working Group—a collaboration between the NBA, SRA, and audit firms—on the auditor’s role in business continuity.
Researchers also found that 71% of the financial statements filed in the year prior to bankruptcy do not include an explicit management disclosure about uncertainty regarding continuity. As a result of not filing financial statements, 88% of bankruptcies also lack an audit opinion for the fiscal year preceding the year of bankruptcy. Among the audit opinions that are available, 63% do not include a material uncertainty paragraph (going concern statement) or a voluntary explanatory section. The review of available (international) academic literature on continuity revealed that it is highly unlikely that a going concern statement becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. The literature also shows that stakeholders rely more on confidential information obtained from the organization than on publicly available information.
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Robotic Process Automation for the Extraction of Audit Information
Large audit firms typically ‘‘offshore’’ simple and repetitive audit tasks such as reconciliations to shared service centers. Offshoring however comes at the expense of coordination costs, delays in the process, and challenges regarding the liability risk to the auditor. This paper presents an open-source algorithm to extract data from (draft) annual reports (PDF files) using Python to automate, rather than outsource, the data extraction for reconciliations. The algorithm resulted in a significant time saving for the audit of a large Dutch asset management firm. Researchers apply the algorithm to minimize hand-collection of financial statement data. Data Availability: The algorithm this paper presents is open-source and publicly available. It was a joint project with Jeroen Bellinga, Seyit Hocuk, Wim Janssen and Alaa Khzam. Wim Janssen and Alaa Khzam developed the programming code.   Article AAA
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Bankruptcy and auditor’s reporting in the Netherlands
The team studied the reporting behavior of Dutch organizations subject to statutory audit in the three years prior to their bankruptcy. They found that only 12 percent of companies file timely audited financial statements or an exemption in the year prior to bankruptcy, 56 percent (64) in year two (three) before the bankruptcy. Second, management discloses discontinuity risks in just 29 percent of the pre-bankruptcy filing. And third, only 11 percent of organizations have a filed audit opinion for the fiscal year prior to bankruptcy. However, for the majority (63 percent or 39 instances out of 62) of audit opinions issued for the fiscal year before the insolvency, the auditor did not include a material uncertainty relating to going concern (GCO) in its audit opinion and therefore constitute a type-II GCO error (error of omission). They estimate the total GCO type-II (I) error rate at 0.03 (99.26) percent of audit opinions issued.
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Article in Accountancy van Morgen: Handhaaf het sociale contract
Leveranciers en andere belanghebbenden rekenen erop dat bedrijven hun jaarrekeningen deponeren bij de Kamer van Koophandel. Vele ondernemingen laten deponering achterwege waardoor het onduidelijk is hoe verstandig het is met de betrokken bedrijven zaken te doen.   Accountancy van Morgen
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Note: this audit opinion falls outside AFM supervision (MAB)
According to the AFM Monitor, approximately 19,333 statutory audit opinions were issued in the Netherlands in 2019. However, which organizations received these opinions for which reports, and whether this information is publicly available, has not yet been systematically mapped. At the same time, there is a growing need for information about audit quality for the market as a whole. For financial statement users, policymakers, and other stakeholders, it is not always clear which audits fall under the Audit Firms Supervision Act (Wta) and thus under AFM oversight. In this descriptive article, we estimate the number of Wta audits and whether these are publicly accessible. Of all statutory audits, 18,311 opinions (95%) are publicly available through various sources, such as the Chamber of Commerce.
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FAR Conference 2022 Proceedings

On June 20-21 2022, the fifth physical conference of the Foundation for Auditing Research (FAR) was held at Nyenrode Business University. The theme of the conference was ‘Inside out and outside in’. This theme allowed for a broad array of sessions that took issue with the influence of internal (e.g., audit teams) and external (e.g., regulators) factors on the quality of auditing and assurance and attracted an audience comprised of practitioners, academics, regulators, standard setters and journalists. The majority of the more than 100 participants were practicing auditors (45 percent). Given FAR’s objective of using academic knowledge to improve audit quality in practice, this is a satisfying figure.

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