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FAR Working Paper 2023/03-13: Thinking Outside of the Box: Engaging Auditors’ Innovation Mindset to Improve Auditors’ Fraud Actions in a Data-Analytic Environment
Sara Bibler CPA Ass. Prof. Tina D. Carpenter Prof. Margaret H. Christ Prof. dr. Anna Gold
Working Papers
20-03-2023
Details
 

Data analytics can help auditors effectively respond to the risk of material misstatement due to fraud. However, harnessing this potential may require auditors to adopt an innovation mindset as urged by firms and regulators. Innovation is defined as creativity in action. Building on the creativity literature, we develop an innovation mindset designed to improve auditors’ ability to generate effective fraud audit procedures when interpreting data analytic output. Further, with the advent of data analytics, auditors are asked to provide value-added, client insights, in addition to their primary goal of obtaining high audit quality. We predict that incorporating this secondary goal may strengthen the innovation mindset effect by enhancing auditors’ cognitive flexibility. We experimentally demonstrate that the innovation mindset significantly improves  auditors’ development of effective fraud procedures. Moreover, this effect is amplified when auditors generate client insights, as this intervening goal boosts creativity and cognitive flexibility, further enhancing auditors’ decision-making quality.

Authors

Sara Bibler CPA
Ass. Prof. Tina D. Carpenter
Prof. Margaret H. Christ
Prof. dr. Anna Gold

Anna Gold is Professor of Auditing at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and Adjunct Professor at Norwegian School of Economics (NHH). She earned her PhD at the University of Amsterdam. Her research interests are in the judgment and decision-making area, primarily applied to the field of auditing. Her research has focused on the impact of regulatory changes (e.g., fraud consultation, audit firm rotation, and auditor reporting standard changes) on judgments and decisions of auditors, preparers, and financial statement users. She has also examined how auditors and audit firms manage errors and whether varying the error management climate affects auditors’ error reporting willingness and learning. Her current work focuses on how auditors use specialist advice, the communication between auditors and audit committees, and auditors’ use of audit technology. 

She has published her research in outlets such as The Accounting ReviewContemporary Accounting ResearchAuditing: A Journal of Practice & TheoryAccounting Horizons, Journal of Business Ethics, and International Journal of AuditingProfessor Gold currently serves as editor at The Accounting Review (2020-2023) and Maandblad voor Accountancy en Bedrijfseconomie (since 2018). She is a member of the editorial board of Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory.

FAR Working Paper 2023/03-12: Using Earnings Conference Call Discussions to Assess Internal Control Quality
Prof. dr. Christian Hofmann Sebastian Kuhn PhD student Dr. Nina Schwaiger
Working Papers
07-03-2023
Details
 

We show that the content of discussions between financial analysts and managers in earnings conference calls is informative about the quality of firms’ internal controls. When internal control quality is low, information quality and reliability suffer. However, high quality information is necessary for financial analysts in order to accurately forecast firm performance. Consequently, earnings conference call discussions are thematically different in such cases. We use a topic modeling approach to capture this thematic difference. The resulting model significantly predicts internal control material weaknesses out of sample, beyond determinants identified by prior research. We also show that the content of earnings conference call discussions is thematically linked to the nature of internal control material weaknesses, and that the predictive power of earnings conference call discussions is higher when management forecasts are less accurate. Finally, we document that the content of earnings conference call discussions is associated with audit fees. Overall, our results suggest that analysts may serve as an external monitor of internal control systems, thereby safeguarding financial reporting quality.

Authors

Prof. dr. Christian Hofmann
Sebastian Kuhn PhD student
Dr. Nina Schwaiger
FAR Practitioner Papers Series: Does Distance Matter? An Investigation of Partners who Audit Distant Clients and the Effects on Audit Quality
Prof. dr. Jere R. Francis Nargess Golshan PhD Nicholas Hallman
Other Publications
14-02-2023
Details
 

Evidence suggests that clients have greater discretion over reporting when partners are more distant, and this discretion results in lower quality (audited) earnings. 

See also link to NL version.

Authors

Prof. dr. Jere R. Francis

Professor Jere Francis is ranked among the top ten academics to publish in leading scientific journals in the field of accountancy research. He won two awards from the American Accounting Association (AAA) for his substantial contribution to auditing research. He was also named Outstanding Audit Educator in 2013 by the AAA. Professor Francis served on the editorial boards of several leading scientific journals, including Abacus, Accounting Organizations & Society, Accounting & Finance, Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, Contemporary Accounting Research, Journal of Accounting & Economics, Review of Accounting Studies, and The Accounting Review. In addition to being of scientific import, his research has been of practical significance to accountants and regulatory authorities and he has presented his research to leading international accountancy firms, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, the World Bank and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board in the United States. As FAR Research Chair, Professor Francis conducts scientific research on the quality of audits. He will also boost auditing education in the Netherlands with the help of several PhD students as part of this chair position.

Nargess Golshan PhD
Nicholas Hallman
FAR Conference 2022 booklet
Prof. dr. Marleen Willekens Prof. dr. Jere R. Francis Lena Pieper PhD student WP Tjibbe Bosman RA MSc Prof. dr. Jasmijn Bol Prof. dr. Frank Moers
Conference Proceedings
01-02-2023
Details
 

On June 20-21 2022, the fifth physical conference of the Foundation for Auditing Research (FAR) was held at Nyenrode Business University. The theme of the conference was ‘Inside out and outside in’. This theme allowed for a broad array of sessions that took issue with the influence of internal (e.g., audit teams) and external (e.g., regulators) factors on the quality of auditing and assurance and attracted an audience comprised of practitioners, academics, regulators, standard setters and journalists. The majority of the more than 100 participants were practicing auditors (45 percent). Given FAR’s objective of using academic knowledge to improve audit quality in practice, this is a satisfying figure.

Authors

Prof. dr. Marleen Willekens

Full Professor of Accounting and Auditing at KU Leuven

Prof. dr. Jere R. Francis

Professor Jere Francis is ranked among the top ten academics to publish in leading scientific journals in the field of accountancy research. He won two awards from the American Accounting Association (AAA) for his substantial contribution to auditing research. He was also named Outstanding Audit Educator in 2013 by the AAA. Professor Francis served on the editorial boards of several leading scientific journals, including Abacus, Accounting Organizations & Society, Accounting & Finance, Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, Contemporary Accounting Research, Journal of Accounting & Economics, Review of Accounting Studies, and The Accounting Review. In addition to being of scientific import, his research has been of practical significance to accountants and regulatory authorities and he has presented his research to leading international accountancy firms, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, the World Bank and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board in the United States. As FAR Research Chair, Professor Francis conducts scientific research on the quality of audits. He will also boost auditing education in the Netherlands with the help of several PhD students as part of this chair position.

Lena Pieper PhD student

Lena Pieper is a PhD candidate at the Accounting and Information Management Department of Maastricht University, supervised by Prof. Ann Vanstraelen and Prof. Jere Francis. She obtained her MSc in International Business, specializing in Accounting, from Maastricht University (cum laude). Her broad research interests lie in the area of Audit research. She is interested in drivers of audit quality, specifically in understanding how different audit teams and their leaders function and how that impacts audit outcomes. 

She is also a member of the multidiscipliniary research theme Culture, Ethics and Leadership and serves as the PhD Representative in the GSBE board.

Together with Prof. Ann Vanstraelen, she co-coordinates and teaches an undergraduate Auditing course. 

WP Tjibbe Bosman RA MSc
Prof. dr. Jasmijn Bol

Professor Jasmijn Bol teaches Accounting and Controls for Operational Risk, a master’s-level class about risk and control systems at Tulane University, Freeman School of Business, USA. Her classes go beyond lectures and textbooks, incorporating interactive pedagogy and lessons drawn from her own research.

Born and raised in the Netherlands, Professor Bol has studied at universities in The Netherlands, Spain and in the U.S., and she consistently presents her research to communities across the globe. Professor Bol’s research focuses on subjectivity in compensation contracting, and she has authored and co-authored several articles that have appeared in prestigious scholarly journals. She has also earned awards for her teaching and research.

Prof. dr. Frank Moers

My field of expertise is performance measurement and incentives and I am especially interested in the intersection between accounting and labor economics. Most of my recent work focuses on performance measurement and incentive issues related to promotions and careers in organizations, as well as the importance of supervisors in the process. My research is economics-based, quantitative empirical research, primarily using archival data (both public and proprietary).

FAR Practice Note: Thinking Outside the Box: Engaging Auditors’ Innovation Mindset to Improve Auditors’ Fraud Judgments and Actions in a Data-Analytic Environment
Sara Bibler CPA Ass. Prof. Tina D. Carpenter Prof. Margaret H. Christ Prof. dr. Anna Gold
Practice Notes - Practitioner's Notes
17-01-2023
Details
 

Data analytics has become a prominent tool for audit firms, which exalt its capabilities to promote audit quality. However, whether auditors have the appropriate mindset to fully leverage the capabilities of data analytics is yet unclear. Further, as data analytics becomes more prevalent in audit engagements, auditors are encouraged to also use this technology to provide client insights. This use has sparked concern from regulators that this additional goal could negatively impact audit quality by shifting an auditors’ focus and/or impacting independence. This could happen as these goals may compete for the same cognitive resources and auditors face time constraints. In addition, the focus on providing insights could be viewed as an auditor operating in more of an advisory (non-audit) role. In this study, we seek to understand whether encouraging auditors to be creative by employing an innovation mindset and instructing them to identify clients’ insights, when using data analytics, has a meaningful positive? impact on audit quality. We examine this using an experiment in which audit quality means the ability to address seeded fraud in a hypothetical engagement. Our results indicate that encouraging auditors to be creative increases their cognitive flexibility, which results in better identification of effective audit procedures (i.e., procedures targeting fraud). In addition, when a creative prompt is paired with a new goal to provide client insights, auditor judgments improve even more. Finally, encouraging auditor creativity also appears to improve their identification of value-added client insights. We recommend that firms look at creativity as a tool to improve auditor judgments. We point out for those concerned about adding a goal to provide client insights that this goal may not have a negative impact and in some instances may even improve audit quality. 

Authors

Sara Bibler CPA
Ass. Prof. Tina D. Carpenter
Prof. Margaret H. Christ
Prof. dr. Anna Gold

Anna Gold is Professor of Auditing at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and Adjunct Professor at Norwegian School of Economics (NHH). She earned her PhD at the University of Amsterdam. Her research interests are in the judgment and decision-making area, primarily applied to the field of auditing. Her research has focused on the impact of regulatory changes (e.g., fraud consultation, audit firm rotation, and auditor reporting standard changes) on judgments and decisions of auditors, preparers, and financial statement users. She has also examined how auditors and audit firms manage errors and whether varying the error management climate affects auditors’ error reporting willingness and learning. Her current work focuses on how auditors use specialist advice, the communication between auditors and audit committees, and auditors’ use of audit technology. 

She has published her research in outlets such as The Accounting ReviewContemporary Accounting ResearchAuditing: A Journal of Practice & TheoryAccounting Horizons, Journal of Business Ethics, and International Journal of AuditingProfessor Gold currently serves as editor at The Accounting Review (2020-2023) and Maandblad voor Accountancy en Bedrijfseconomie (since 2018). She is a member of the editorial board of Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory.

FAR Working Paper 2022/12-11: Auditor automation usage and professional skepticism
Christian Peters PhD student
Working Papers
23-12-2022
Details
 

Audit firms increasingly employ automated tools and techniques in auditing procedures. The premise of using automation is that it increases audit effectiveness and audit efficiency. For these effectiveness and efficiency gains to materialize, auditors need to use automation in an adequate manner. Regulators, however, have raised concerns that auditors may over- or under-rely on automation. I predict that auditors are subject to an automation bias and use cues from automated tools and techniques as a replacement for vigilant information seeking, thereby reducing professional skepticism when relying on automation. My findings are in line with my predictions. When auditors rely on work conducted by automated tools and techniques, they are less skeptical than when relying on the same work conducted by an audit team member. Based on psychology theory, I employ a counterarguing mindset intervention that alleviates the negative effects of automation on professionally skepticism. Finally, I also test whether a reduction in vigilance caused by automation usage spills over to subsequent tasks. I do not find evidence indicating a spillover effect. Implications for practice and theory are discussed.  

Authors

Christian Peters PhD student
FAR Literature Review: Involvement in the Development of Data Analytics and Auditors’ Application of Professional Skepticism
Prof. dr. Anna Gold Prof. Joseph Brazel Dr. Justin Leiby Xiaoxing Li PhD student
Literature Reviews
17-10-2022
Details
 

Audit firms around the globe have invested heavily in a variety of audit technologies (e.g., Alles & Gray 2016; Deloitte 2016; KPMG 2016, 2019; EY 2017, 2018; PwC 2019; Bloomberg 2020; Eilifsen, Kinserdal, Messier, & McKee 2020; Austin, Carpenter, Christ, & Nielson 2021). Of these technological developments, audit data analytics (ADA) are receiving increased attention because they enable auditors to incorporate more diverse data and visualizations into their testing (i.e., graphical representations such as charts, scatter diagrams, trend lines, or maps). The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) defines ADA as “the science and art of discovering and analyzing patterns, identifying anomalies, and extracting other useful information in data underlying or related to the subject matter of an audit through analysis, modeling, and visualization for the purpose of planning or performing the audit” (AICPA 2015, p.92; 2017, p.1). The current study focuses on ADA visualizations, which can aid auditors when scrutinizing audit evidence and ultimately improve audit quality (e.g., AICPA 2017; Anders 2017; FRC 2017; O’Donnell, O’Mara, Rast, & Sand 2017).

Authors

Prof. dr. Anna Gold

Anna Gold is Professor of Auditing at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and Adjunct Professor at Norwegian School of Economics (NHH). She earned her PhD at the University of Amsterdam. Her research interests are in the judgment and decision-making area, primarily applied to the field of auditing. Her research has focused on the impact of regulatory changes (e.g., fraud consultation, audit firm rotation, and auditor reporting standard changes) on judgments and decisions of auditors, preparers, and financial statement users. She has also examined how auditors and audit firms manage errors and whether varying the error management climate affects auditors’ error reporting willingness and learning. Her current work focuses on how auditors use specialist advice, the communication between auditors and audit committees, and auditors’ use of audit technology. 

She has published her research in outlets such as The Accounting ReviewContemporary Accounting ResearchAuditing: A Journal of Practice & TheoryAccounting Horizons, Journal of Business Ethics, and International Journal of AuditingProfessor Gold currently serves as editor at The Accounting Review (2020-2023) and Maandblad voor Accountancy en Bedrijfseconomie (since 2018). She is a member of the editorial board of Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory.

Prof. Joseph Brazel

Joseph Brazel is the Jenkins Distinguished Professor of Accounting and a University Faculty Scholar at North Carolina State University, where he teaches undergraduate and graduate courses in auditing and assurance services. His research focuses on professional skepticism, fraud detection, data analytics, non-financial measures, investor and CFO responses to fraud red flags, fraud brainstorming, and judgment and decision-making in auditing. He has published in The Accounting Review, Journal of Accounting Research, Contemporary Accounting Research, Accounting, Organizations and Society, Review of Accounting Studies, Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, and the Journal of Business Ethics. Dr. Brazel is also a monthly contributor at Forbes.com. The Center for Audit Quality (CAQ), Foundation for Auditing Research (FAR), Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE) Research Institute, International Association for Accounting Education and Research, Institute for Fraud Prevention, Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) Investor Education Foundation, Institute of Management Accountants, Institute of Internal Auditors, Ernst and Young, KMPG, and North Carolina State University have all supplied him with grants to support his research. Dr. Brazel received the AAA/Deloitte Wildman Medal Award in 2014, presented annually to the publication judged to have made the most significant contribution to the advancement of the practice of accounting. He was engaged by the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB) from 2015-2016 to synthesize and present research related to professional skepticism. Dr. Brazel received the Notable Contribution to the Auditing Literature Award in 2018, which recognizes a published work of exceptional merit that makes a significant contribution to auditing or assurance research, education, or practice. In 2020, he was awarded the Best Paper Award from Behavioral Research in Accounting. He also served on the research team for the Auditing Standards Board of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants’ (AICPA) Fraud and Going Concern Task Forces from 2022-2023. While presenting his research to many academic audiences, Dr. Brazel has also presented his research related to professional skepticism, data analytics, and fraud detection to the CAQ, FAR, Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, IAASB, Securities and Exchange Commission, ACFE, FINRA, the AICPA’s Auditing Standards Board, as well as many practitioner audiences. He has served on the American Accounting Association’s Notable Contributions to the Accounting Literature Award Selection Committee, Competitive Manuscript Award Committee, COSO Task Force, as well as the AICPA’s Assurance Research Advisory Group, and the CPA Exam’s Professional Skepticism Task Force. Prior to obtaining his Ph.D., Dr. Brazel was an audit manager with Deloitte.

Dr. Justin Leiby

Justin Leiby is an Associate Professor of Accountancy, Disruption & Innovation Scholar, & Professor Ken Perry Faculty Fellow at the University of Illinois Gies College of Business. Justin’s teaching infuses empathic decision-making concepts into auditing, analytics, and risk management, helping students “bring empathy to the data” to better serve stakeholders. Professor Leiby’s research focuses on the motivations and incentives of professionals in areas such as professional skepticism, quality control, human capital, and diversity, equity, and inclusion. Professor Leiby has published research in leading scholarly journals and has presented to a variety of scholarly, regulatory, and professional audiences in the U.S., Canada, and Europe. He earned a doctorate at the University of Illinois and undergraduate degrees in Accounting and German at the University of Pittsburgh.

Xiaoxing Li PhD student

Xiaoxing Li is a PhD candidate at the Department of Accounting, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. Her research interests are auditors’ judgment and decision making. She is currently working on her PhD dissertation in the areas of audit technologies and auditors’ professional skepticism.

FAR Working Paper 2022/09-10: Well-Calibrated Professional Skepticism: Its Benefits on Auditor Responsiveness to the Risk of Material Misstatement and Its Roots in Culture Controls and Auditor Values
Prof. dr. Jasmijn Bol Prof. dr. Isabella Grabner Dr. Katlijn Haesebrouck Prof. dr. Mark E. Peecher
Working Papers
19-09-2022
Details
 

Using a multi-method approach, we first introduce the construct of well-calibrated professional skepticism and identify how it facilitates auditors’ response to heightened risk of material misstatement without also raising costly false alarms. We then draw on the management and management accounting literatures to identify several audit firm “soft” culture controls and

auditor-specific characteristics that we predict, and find evidence consistent with being, antecedents of well-calibrated professional skepticism. We position well-calibrated professional skepticism as an internalized value and connect it to the psychology literature on calibration. We discuss how audit firms can improve the portion of their audit professionals who are wellcalibrated professional skeptics by improved selection during recruitment of human talent and by investment in culture controls that credibly reveal a commitment to “walking the talk” when it comes to audit quality

Authors

Prof. dr. Jasmijn Bol

Professor Jasmijn Bol teaches Accounting and Controls for Operational Risk, a master’s-level class about risk and control systems at Tulane University, Freeman School of Business, USA. Her classes go beyond lectures and textbooks, incorporating interactive pedagogy and lessons drawn from her own research.

Born and raised in the Netherlands, Professor Bol has studied at universities in The Netherlands, Spain and in the U.S., and she consistently presents her research to communities across the globe. Professor Bol’s research focuses on subjectivity in compensation contracting, and she has authored and co-authored several articles that have appeared in prestigious scholarly journals. She has also earned awards for her teaching and research.

Prof. dr. Isabella Grabner

Isabella Grabner is a Professer of Management Control and Strategy Implementation at WU (Vienna University of Economics and Business).

She holds a Master’s degree in International Business from the University of Vienna and a PhD in Business Administration from WU Vienna (Title of dissertation "Creativity and Control: Conflicting Objectives?"). Before joining WU Vienna, she was a tenured faculty member at the Department of Accounting and Information Management at Maastricht University School of Business and Economics. She has also worked as visiting researcher at Emory University Goizueta Business School and the University of Technology Sydney.

Dr. Katlijn Haesebrouck

Assistant Professor Accounting & Information Management, School of Business and Economics, Maastricht University

Prof. dr. Mark E. Peecher

Mark E. Peecher , CPA, is a professor of accountancy and a Deloitte Teaching Fellow at the University of Illinois, specializing in behavioral auditing and accounting research. He holds a bachelor’s, master’s, and Ph.D. degrees in accountancy from Illinois. Prior to returning to his alma mater, he was a faculty member at the University of Washington. An active member in the AAA’s Audit Section, Mark currently serves as the Audit Section’s past president.

Professor Peecher’s business-press writings about auditing have appeared in The Wall Street Journal, and his scholarly writings have appeared in AccountingOrganizations & SocietyAuditing: A Journal of Practice & TheoryContemporary Accounting ResearchInternational Journal of AuditingJournal of Accounting ResearchOrganizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, and The Accounting Review. He has presented his research at numerous conferences, consortia, and universities, and he has served on the editorial boards at Auditing: A Journal of Practice & TheoryThe Accounting Review, and Issues in Accounting Education. Mark enjoys teaching both undergraduate courses and doctoral seminars related to auditing. He particularly likes helping to mentor doctoral students, three of whom have won outstanding doctoral dissertation awards.


FAR Literature Review: A Systematic Literature Review on Companies’ Auditor Selection Processes
Jonas Vandennieuwenhuysen PhD student Prof. dr. Kris Hardies Prof. dr. Marie-Laure Vandenhaute Dr. Kris Hoang
Literature Reviews
16-09-2022
Details
 

We provide a systematic review of the academic literature on companies’ auditor selection process, that is, the process through which companies select and hire their auditor. Some process elements over which companies exercise discretion include the decision-makers and the extent of their influence (e.g., the audit committee, the CFO); timing (initiation, duration); the procedures and decision-making approach (e.g., formal tendering, assessment criteria, documentation, evaluation); and the eventual appointment of the auditor (e.g., shareholder voting on auditor ratification). By synthesizing the research, we identify key activities, decision points, and participants’ expectations in the selection process. We also consider academic research findings in light of practitioner guidance on best practices for auditor selection. Finally, even though most of the relevant studies use archival data to infer aspects of the selection process from associations between publicly observable auditor/company characteristics and auditor appointment outcomes, we highlight the limitations of this evidence for understanding companies’ processes, and we offer suggestions for future research. Our review provides valuable insights for audit academics, audit regulators, and practitioners interested in companies’ actual practices for auditor selection and appointment.

Authors

Jonas Vandennieuwenhuysen PhD student
Prof. dr. Kris Hardies

Kris Hardies obtained his Ph.D. from the Vrije Universiteit Brussel in 2011, worked at the University of Florida in 2012 and is currently an associate professor at the Universiteit Antwerpen where he teaches accounting and auditing at the BSc and MSc level. His research interests include professional skepticism, personality and individual differences, capital markets and firm behavior, and gender inequality. His recent research focuses on the effects of personality and individual differences among auditors on audit quality. His work has been published in journals such as Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, Accounting Horizon, European Accounting Review, International Journal of Auditing, and Economics Letters.

Prof. dr. Marie-Laure Vandenhaute
Dr. Kris Hoang
Publication MAB: Let op: deze controleverklaring valt buiten AFM-toezicht
WP Tjibbe Bosman RA MSc Merel van der Kuip MSc Dr. Wim Janssen
Other Publications
28-07-2022
Details
 

Volgens de AFM-Monitor werden er in 2019 circa 19.333 wettelijke controleverklaringen in Nederland afgegeven, maar welke organisaties deze controleverklaringen voor welke verantwoordingen ontvangen en of deze gegevens publiekelijk beschikbaar zijn, is tot nu toe niet structureel in kaart gebracht. Tegelijkertijd is er steeds meer behoefte aan informatie over de kwaliteit van accountantscontrole voor de markt als geheel. Voor jaarrekeninggebruikers, beleidsmakers en andere belanghebbenden is het niet altijd duidelijk welke accountantscontroles onder de Wet toezicht accountantsorganisaties (Wta) en daarmee onder het AFM-toezicht vallen. In dit beschrijvende artikel schatten wij de aantallen Wta-controles en of deze publiekelijk beschikbaar zijn. Van de wettelijke controles zijn 18.311 verklaringen (95%) publiekelijk beschikbaar via verschillende bronnen, zoals de Kamer van Koophandel.

Authors

WP Tjibbe Bosman RA MSc
Merel van der Kuip MSc
Dr. Wim Janssen
FAR Working Paper 2022/03-09: How do audit committees support audit engagement teams and encourage professional skepticism? A survey and experimental evidence
Prof. dr. Anna Gold Prof. Joseph Brazel Dr. Justin Leiby Tammie Schaefer PhD
Working Papers
28-03-2022
Details
 

The team explores how audit committees (ACs) support audit engagement teams and whether AC support can improve auditors’ professional skepticism. First they surveyed audit practitioners and found out that AC support is multidimensional, varies between engagements, and often is not communicated to the entire engagement team. Then it was experimentally investigated whether the explicit communication of AC support to the entire engagement team (by the partner vs. the AC chair) impacts the skepticism of auditors. While skeptical judgments are consistently high, auditors vary in their skeptical actions. When management attitudes towards the engagement team are poor, AC support communicated by the audit partner increases skeptical actions. Direct communication of support by the AC chair does not increase skepticism relative to when the partner conveys AC support. The findings of the team highlight the importance of AC support for audit teams, and the lack of AC support (or communication thereof) that exists on many audit engagements.

Authors

Prof. dr. Anna Gold

Anna Gold is Professor of Auditing at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and Adjunct Professor at Norwegian School of Economics (NHH). She earned her PhD at the University of Amsterdam. Her research interests are in the judgment and decision-making area, primarily applied to the field of auditing. Her research has focused on the impact of regulatory changes (e.g., fraud consultation, audit firm rotation, and auditor reporting standard changes) on judgments and decisions of auditors, preparers, and financial statement users. She has also examined how auditors and audit firms manage errors and whether varying the error management climate affects auditors’ error reporting willingness and learning. Her current work focuses on how auditors use specialist advice, the communication between auditors and audit committees, and auditors’ use of audit technology. 

She has published her research in outlets such as The Accounting ReviewContemporary Accounting ResearchAuditing: A Journal of Practice & TheoryAccounting Horizons, Journal of Business Ethics, and International Journal of AuditingProfessor Gold currently serves as editor at The Accounting Review (2020-2023) and Maandblad voor Accountancy en Bedrijfseconomie (since 2018). She is a member of the editorial board of Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory.

Prof. Joseph Brazel

Joseph Brazel is the Jenkins Distinguished Professor of Accounting and a University Faculty Scholar at North Carolina State University, where he teaches undergraduate and graduate courses in auditing and assurance services. His research focuses on professional skepticism, fraud detection, data analytics, non-financial measures, investor and CFO responses to fraud red flags, fraud brainstorming, and judgment and decision-making in auditing. He has published in The Accounting Review, Journal of Accounting Research, Contemporary Accounting Research, Accounting, Organizations and Society, Review of Accounting Studies, Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, and the Journal of Business Ethics. Dr. Brazel is also a monthly contributor at Forbes.com. The Center for Audit Quality (CAQ), Foundation for Auditing Research (FAR), Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE) Research Institute, International Association for Accounting Education and Research, Institute for Fraud Prevention, Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) Investor Education Foundation, Institute of Management Accountants, Institute of Internal Auditors, Ernst and Young, KMPG, and North Carolina State University have all supplied him with grants to support his research. Dr. Brazel received the AAA/Deloitte Wildman Medal Award in 2014, presented annually to the publication judged to have made the most significant contribution to the advancement of the practice of accounting. He was engaged by the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB) from 2015-2016 to synthesize and present research related to professional skepticism. Dr. Brazel received the Notable Contribution to the Auditing Literature Award in 2018, which recognizes a published work of exceptional merit that makes a significant contribution to auditing or assurance research, education, or practice. In 2020, he was awarded the Best Paper Award from Behavioral Research in Accounting. He also served on the research team for the Auditing Standards Board of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants’ (AICPA) Fraud and Going Concern Task Forces from 2022-2023. While presenting his research to many academic audiences, Dr. Brazel has also presented his research related to professional skepticism, data analytics, and fraud detection to the CAQ, FAR, Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, IAASB, Securities and Exchange Commission, ACFE, FINRA, the AICPA’s Auditing Standards Board, as well as many practitioner audiences. He has served on the American Accounting Association’s Notable Contributions to the Accounting Literature Award Selection Committee, Competitive Manuscript Award Committee, COSO Task Force, as well as the AICPA’s Assurance Research Advisory Group, and the CPA Exam’s Professional Skepticism Task Force. Prior to obtaining his Ph.D., Dr. Brazel was an audit manager with Deloitte.

Dr. Justin Leiby

Justin Leiby is an Associate Professor of Accountancy, Disruption & Innovation Scholar, & Professor Ken Perry Faculty Fellow at the University of Illinois Gies College of Business. Justin’s teaching infuses empathic decision-making concepts into auditing, analytics, and risk management, helping students “bring empathy to the data” to better serve stakeholders. Professor Leiby’s research focuses on the motivations and incentives of professionals in areas such as professional skepticism, quality control, human capital, and diversity, equity, and inclusion. Professor Leiby has published research in leading scholarly journals and has presented to a variety of scholarly, regulatory, and professional audiences in the U.S., Canada, and Europe. He earned a doctorate at the University of Illinois and undergraduate degrees in Accounting and German at the University of Pittsburgh.

Tammie Schaefer PhD

Tammie Schaefer is an Assistant Professor of Accounting at the University of Missouri – Kansas City where she teaches undergraduate and graduate courses in auditing and tax. Her research focuses on fraud detection, professional skepticism, nonfinancial measures, consultations, and judgment and decision-making in auditing and tax. Her research in these areas has led to publications in The Accounting Review and Contemporary Accounting Research. The Institute for Fraud Prevention, the Center for Audit Quality, KMPG, the International Association for Accounting Education and Research, the University of South Carolina, and the University of Missouri – Kansas City have all supplied her with grants to support her research. In 2013 Tammie received the American Accounting Association Auditing Section’s Best Ph.D. Student Paper Award for her dissertation. She is a member of the AICPA’s Accounting Doctoral Scholars (ADS) Program, and prior to obtaining her Ph.D., Tammie was an audit senior with PwC.

Publication FM Magazine: "Opdrogen financiële informatie als voorteken van faillissement"
Other Publications
25-03-2022
Details
 

Bij 63% van de faillissementen gaf de accountant geen waarschuwing.

Authors